A very severe out break of this caterpillar was recorded in 20 in East Godavari, West Godavari and Visakhapatnam districts and by release of bio agents Bracon hebetor and Goniozus nephantidis (7.00 lakhs), the pest was successfully managed.A total number of 62.21 lakh prasitoids were supplied during the last 10 years and an area of 10,678 ha of coconut black headed caterpillar affected gardens were covered (2013-14). This pest was successfully managed through biological control. Regular incidence of coconut black headed caterpillar Opisina arenosella was observed in coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh.When palms are severely damaged, the attacked leaves droop, bunches buckle and the immature nuts shed heavily.Ĭoconut black headed affected coconut gardensĬoconut black headed caterpillar larva and its damage on nuts under outbreaks In severe cases the whole plantation presents a burnt appearance due to the drying of leaves/leaflets with only the upper epidermis intact or in cases of old infestation leaves remain with midrib of the leaflet only. Dried up patches appearing on the upper epidermis of leaves and presence of larval galleries and pupal cases on the lower surface of the leaves are the major symptoms of infestation. The caterpillar lives on the lower surface of leaflets in galleries made of excreta and silken web and feeds on the chlorophyll containing parenchymatous tissues. 2002) among coconut growing households in two villages of Kerala showed a difference of 56.26% between the potential and achieved livelihood impact.Insect Pest Management Coconut I.
A gap analysis using sustainable livelihood index (SLI) framework of unpublished primary data collected during the peak year of infestation (yr. The present study estimates the control costs incurred by Indian government and various agencies to manage coconut mite in India from 1998–2008 as US $ 77.88 million. This paper hence seeks to study socioeconomic and livelihood impact of the coconut mite and also estimates the economic loss in monetary terms from documentary evidence. Additionally, mite damage resulted in loss of 20-30% in terms of copra yield and also increased labour due to difficulty in de-husking of affected nuts. Mite damaged underweight and undersized nuts are often discarded by the traders inflicting heavy losses to the growers. The percentage reduction in nut weight due to mite infestation was assessed to be 2.12 %. During the period 2001–02, mite attack has affected nearly 22.36 million coconut palms in 98,400 hectares in prime coconut producing state ‘Kerala’ in India. Every part of the coconut palm is used and has found use in more than 700 products here. Coconut sector in India accounts for about 22.36% of the world production while contributes approximately US $1600 million to the total GDP of India, besides providing livelihood securities to more than 10 million people in the country. India is the third largest coconut producer with plantation area of 1.9 million hectares and estimated production of 12.8 billion nuts per annum. Among the plantation crops, coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is of prime importance in the marginal homesteads of tropical India. In India, the bioinvasion of coconut palms by an alien invasive mite species Aceria guerreronis, popularly known as ‘Coconut mite’ accounting for enormous economic loss was first noticed just before the start of the new millennium. They are seen as a threat not only to biodiversity and ecosystems, but also to socioeconomic development, livelihood and human well-being. Alien invasive species are non-native organisms that occur outside their natural adapted habitat and dispersal potential.
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